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01st Oct, 2025
If your business sells or buys vouchers, it’s essential to understand how to account for and report GST correctly.
A voucher is a document or an electronic record that represents a right to receive goods or services. This includes physical gift cards, digital vouchers and even prepaid phone cards. When your business sells a voucher, you’re essentially providing the recipient with a promise to supply goods or services in the future, and it’s at this future point that the GST implications come into play.
The ATO recognises two distinct types of vouchers.
Face value vouchers can be redeemed for a reasonable choice of goods and services – for example, a $50 supermarket gift card that works across all store locations. The voucher sale isn’t considered a GST taxable supply, so you don’t charge GST at the point when you sell the voucher. Instead, you account for GST when the voucher’s redeemed and the goods or services are supplied. For instance, if you sell that $50 gift card, you don’t charge GST on the gift card sale, but when the gift card’s redeemed to purchase goods worth $50, you charge GST on the supply of those goods.
There’s one exception: if you sell a face value voucher for more than its face value, you must account for GST on the excess amount immediately.
Non-face value vouchers are restricted to specific goods or services – like a voucher specifically for a spa treatment, purchased for $100. With these, you account for GST (eg on the $100 price) at the time of sale, but only if the voucher is redeemable for taxable supplies.
If the voucher is only redeemable for GST-free or input-taxed supplies, there’s no GST to account for.
Here’s something business owners often overlook: if you’ve sold face value vouchers that expire or remain unredeemed, and you write back the unused amount to your current income for accounting purposes, you need to make an “increasing adjustment” on your Business Activity Statement (BAS). This adjustment is 1/11th of the unredeemed balance.
If your business buys vouchers, you may be able to claim a GST credit – but timing matters. For face value vouchers, you claim the credit when you redeem the voucher, not when you buy it. For non-face value vouchers, you claim the credit when you purchase the voucher. Remember, you can only claim credits for GST-inclusive purchases used in your business.
To account for GST on vouchers you sell, you need to keep accurate records including dates of sale, redemption and/or expiration, and the amounts of GST payable. Importantly, specific rules and exceptions apply to certain types of vouchers. For example, if you sell vouchers that can be redeemed for a combination of goods and services, you need to apportion the GST accordingly. You may also need to issue a tax invoice to the customer when a voucher’s redeemed, and keep a copy of this invoice for your records. And finally, of course, you need to report GST on vouchers in your BAS in accordance with ATO guidelines.
19th May, 2025
You may be starting out in business and trying to decide whether to become a sole trader or to set up a company. Alternatively, you may already be an established sole trader and considering switching to become a company. Tax considerations are vital in deciding which of the two business structures is most suitable for you.
The first practical difference is in relation to your tax return. As a sole trader, you simply add your business income and expenses to a separate Business and professional items schedule in your individual tax return that you lodge each year.
For a company, there’s a separate annual tax return, and tax to pay on the company’s income. Companies are subject to annual reviews by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC), so financial records must clearly show transactions and the company’s financial position, and allow clear statements to be created and audited if necessary. A number of strict legal and other obligations need to be met.
Tax returns for a company must clearly list the income, deductions and the liable income tax of the company. Also, directors and any employees of a company must lodge their own individual tax returns.
There’s no tax-free threshold for companies – they simply pay tax on the amount they earn. However, for sole traders, whose tax is assessed as part of the individual’s personal income, $18,200 is the tax-free threshold.
For all companies that are not eligible for the lower company tax rate, the full company tax rate of 30% will apply.
To be eligible for the lower company tax rate of 25%, the company needs to meet strict requirements to be a base rate entity. One of the tests is that your company’s aggregated turnover for the relevant income year must be less than the aggregated threshold for that year – which since 1 July 2018 has been $50 million a year.
Both sole traders and companies can:
Both types of business also need to pay capital gains tax (CGT) if a capital gain has been made, but sole traders may be able to reduce this gain by what are known as the discount and indexation methods. The latter may also be used by some companies.
If your employees in either business structure receive a fringe benefit then you may also need to pay fringe benefits tax (FBT).
13th Sep, 2024
The ATO has recently confirmed that collection of business debts – including debts relating to superannuation guarantee (SG), pay as you go (PAYG) withholding and GST – is among its key focus areas. This is a timely reminder for all businesses to ensure they’re meeting their obligations.
The most recent ATO statistics show that although 94% of employers are meeting their SG obligations without ATO intervention, the ATO still raised over $1 billion in SG charge liabilities in the 2022–2023 financial year.
To ensure your business doesn’t incur these extra liabilities, you must pay SG contributions for your employees and eligible contractors on time and to the correct funds. Some contracts and awards may require you to pay contributions more regularly than quarterly.
If you make contributions to a commercial “clearing house”, the contribution is considered to be paid when it’s received by the employee’s fund, not by the clearing house. However, if you use the ATO’s Small Business Superannuation Clearing House, the contribution is “paid” when received by that clearing house.
From 1 July 2026, employers will need to pay SG at the same time as salary and wages (commonly known as “payday super”).
If you miss a payment, taking action promptly is essential to accessing the ATO’s support services and minimising your exposure to penalties. You must lodge an SG charge statement with the ATO within one month of the missed quarterly due date. You can ask the ATO for an extension to the lodgement date, but you must do this before the due date.
You’ll also need to pay the SG charge. This charge is more than the amount of contributions you would have paid if you had paid them on time, and it’s not deductible. The charge is paid to the ATO, not your employee’s fund. General interest charge will accrue on any outstanding SG charge, and the ATO may also issue a director penalty notice if it remains unpaid.
19th Dec, 2023
Legislation is currently before Federal Parliament that proposes to allow a deduction of $20,000 (up from
$1,000) for the instant asset write-off of depreciating assets acquired by small business entities in the period from 1 July 2023.These new rules were previously announced by the Federal Government in its May 2023 Federal Budget.
In the period from March 2020, as part of tax relief measures arising out of the COVID-19 pandemic, temporary full expensing of certain depreciation assets allowed many businesses to write off the entire cost of certain assets. The latest Bill proposes that from 1 July 2023, under simplified depreciation rules, depreciating assets costing less than $20,000 (excluding GST), may be immediately deducted, where the asset is first used or ready for use in the year ending 30 June 2024. Note that depreciating assets that are first used or installed ready for use for a taxable purpose on or after 1 July 2024 will be subject to the $1,000 threshold.
The $20,000 threshold will apply on a per-asset basis, so small businesses will be able to instantly write off multiple assets.
The instant asset write-off rules are available to entities that meet the definition of “small business entity” and where the entity carries on a business with an aggregate turnover of less than $10 million.
Connected entities to a small business taxpayer may also need to be considered to qualify for a deduction under the $20,000 instant asset write-off.
Depreciating assets that cost $20,000 or more are allocated to a small business entity general small business pool and can then be deducted at the rates of 15% in the year the asset is allocated to the pool and 30% in subsequent years.
If the balance of a small business entity’s general small business pool is less than $20,000 at the end of the income year ending 30 June 2024, the small business entity will be able to claim a deduction for the entire balance of the pool.
23rd Aug, 2023
The ATO has recently issued new GST guidance specifically relevant to crypto assets.
For GST purposes, the ATO considers that digital currency is a crypto asset utilising cryptography and distributed ledger technology to make secure transactions. The ATO has excluded loyalty points, in-game tokens, non-fungible tokens (NFTs), stablecoins, and initial coin offerings (ICOs) (if they fall under securities or derivatives) from this definition.
If receiving digital currency as payment for a taxable supply, the GST amount must be reported in Australian dollars on the business activity statement. Don’t forget: the tax invoice should include the GST payable in Australian dollars or provide sufficient information to calculate it accurately.
When using digital currency for purchases and claiming GST credits, be sure to report the GST amount in Australian dollars on your business activity statement. Remember, your tax invoice is key and must providing the necessary information.
Identifying the location of your trading partners can be difficult. Thankfully, the ATO accepts using the location of the digital currency exchange as a reliable indicator.
When you trade with Australian residents, it falls under the category of input-taxed financial supply. You don’t need to pay GST on these supplies.
When your trades extend beyond Australian borders or involve foreign digital currency exchanges, GST takes a back seat. Trading with non-residents qualifies as a GST-free supply, freeing you from GST obligations.
Be warned! While GST-free supplies spare you from paying GST, there’s a vital checkpoint to remember. If you supply digital currency, carry on an enterprise and exceed the GST annual turnover threshold (generally $75,000), you must register for GST.
22nd May, 2023
The ATO has warned content creators that they need to be aware of their income tax and GST obligations.
If you start making money from your online content, you will have income to declare. You will also need to consider whether you are in business. If you are, or you want to start your own business, it’s important you know what income you need to report, the deductions you can claim and what registrations you may need.
The income you receive could be cash, money for advertising or appearance fees, or goods like a gaming console, clothes or make-up.
It doesn’t matter whether the income comes from Australia or overseas. It is all taxable in Australia, as long as you are considered to be a tax resident of Australia.
Some of your supporters may purchase your merchandise or pay a subscription fee to access your content. They may send tips or gratuities (often called gifts). All of these are likely to be income and should be declared.
There are some important things to think about if you’re a content creator. Can you afford to accept the gifts? A new handbag or a free holiday may be enticing, but because it’s regarded as income, you’ll need to pay tax on it.
Consider how the income you earn will affect your other amounts payable. Sole trader income counts towards your total assessable income, so it could impact your study loans or Medicare calculation.
If you’re in business, and you have a GST turnover of $75,000 or more, you’ll need to register for GST. You will be liable to pay GST on your taxable supplies, even if you don’t pass it on to your supporters. However, you can claim input tax credits on what are called “creditable acquisitions”. You will be able to claim deductions for business- related expenses. You may also be eligible for various small business concessions.